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The difference between subtitle and caption :

• Captions include subtitles plus a written description of what is occurring in their videos for viewers who might not be able to hear or understand the sound.
• Subtitles provide viewers with a video’s dialogue in written form and can be used to translate the spoken language.

The benefit of adding subtitle to videos:

•  Subtitles enable deaf and hard of hearing users to watch videos. This is important for all video publishers especially educational institutions who need to comply with accessibility laws and internal policies.
• They also act as metadata that helps your videos show up in more places on YouTube.  

Subtitle formats:

• There are many subtitles formats, such as SRT, WebVTT, DFXP/TTML, SCC, and SAMI files, but the most commons file is SRT. 

What is SRT file:

• SubRip caption files are named with the extension .SRT. This format is supported by most video players and subtitle creation programs. The time format used is hours:minutes:seconds:milliseconds, with the milliseconds field precise to three decimal places. The purpose of srt subtitle file is to be used with desired movie file together to display subtitles when you play video file by any player supporting srt subtitles. If your video doesn’t include any subtitles, you can create and add a .srt file to your video.

How to create SRT file:

To create SRT file, you can either use Aegisub freeware at the DMC or simply use notepad or any text editor.

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1. 1. All DMC video editing stations have Aegisub installed and it looks like this:
      
   2. Open Aegisub, simply enter your caption text alongside a start and finish timecode. The first timecode is a start timecode for this line of text; second timecode is the finish timecode; the third timecode is the line duration. You can adjust the timecode according to your video. Press Enter to add this line to the sequence window below.
      
   3. Use spacebar to play and pause your video with any media player or within Final Cut Pro X while creating SRT file with Aegisub. Try to make the start and end timecode as accurate as possible.
   4. Repeat the step 2 until all the lines are inputted.

   5. Go to File > Export As..., continue to click on Export, and be sure to save as SubRip(*.srt) file type.
      

2. Create SRT with NotePad

   1.  Open Notepad, WordPad, or other text editor that allows to save file with SRT file extension.
   2. Edit subtitles shown as below:
      Notes: SRT consists of four parts, all in text.
      1. A number indicating which subtitle it is in the sequence.
      2. The time that the subtitle should appear on the screen, and then disappear. The time format used is hours:minutes:seconds:milliseconds, with the milliseconds field precise to three decimal places.
      3. The subtitle itself.
      4. A blank line indicating the start of a new subtitle.
         
   3. Save subtitles to .srt format: In Notepad, please click menu File->Save As, change file name to “xxx.srt”, set “Save as type” to “All Files”, and then set “Encoding” to "ANSI" if using English subtitles, or “UTF-8" if using non-English subtitles.
      

How Encode Subtitles

Once you open HandBrake, click the Source button and choose your video file. Go ahead and choose a destination for your output file and leave everything else as is. Make sure Normal is chosen in the Presets menu on the far right.

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Now click on the Subtitles tab at the bottom and click on the Import SRT button. Pick the SRT file and it will show up in the list box below.

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You can add more than one subtitle file if you need, i.e. for multiple languages. That’s about it for HandBrake! It’s a very simple process and works well.

 Add subtitle in Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/help/faq/managing-your-videos/captions-and-subtitles#what-caption-and-subtitle-file-formats-does-vimeo-support

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