Write a (functional) Java program that constructs primes, the lazy inifinite stream of prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, ... where numbers are represented using Java type int. Ignore the fact that the int type only supports integer values less than 2^31. We will only compute the first few thousand primes, so no one will notice. Obviously such a program could easily be generalized to use type long or the unbounded integer type java.math.BigInteger. The support file primeSieve.java provides the interface IntStream which is the root of a composite class hierarchy supporting lazy streams of int, including methods to print finite ones in conventional Lisp-like notation. The formulation of streams supported in Java starting with Java 8 is not functional. Simple operations like extracting the first element of a stream or the length of a finite stream destroy the stream. Consequently, we must develop our own IntStream library from scratch. Fortunately, it is not very difficult and requires comparatively little code. The equivalent program in Haskell (generalized to unbounded integers) is simply
primes = filterPrime [2..] where filterPrime (p:xs) = p : filterPrime [x | x <- xs, x `mod` p /= 0]
Of course, Haskell has built-in support for lazy streams and the recursive definition of functions (like filterprime) using pattern matching all supported by an aggressive optimizing compiler. Your task is to extend the provided code to support a static final field called primes in the top-level interface IntStream bound to the lazy infinite stream of primes (ignoring the fact that int arithmetic will overflow when numbers get too large. You also need to augment the JUnit test file (compatible with JUnit 4 as provided by DrJava) IntStreamTest.java to further test your code. You may assume that all of the provided code is correct. [Please tell us if you discover any bugs!] You do not need to test any of the methods in the IntStream interface provided by the original version of primeSieve.java.
If the course staff makes any enhancements to the support code files primeSieve.java and PrimeSieveTest.java, we will post messages to that effect to Piazza.
Java is strictly a call-by-value language and lacks macros, so we are going to have to wrap the stream argument in a "cons" construction in a suspension (an object with a method to evaluate it and a cell to store that value). This will make translating the simple Haskell code above more cumbersome. There is a price to writing functional code in Java, a language not intended to support lazy evaluation. In Racket/Scheme, we would make the stream cons operation a macro that automatically performs the wrapping.
Inside the svn directory https://svn.rice.edu/r/comp311/turnin/F20/<netid>/, create a directory JavaProject and put your modified files primeSieve.java and PrimeSieveTest.java in that folder.
Your task is to reimplement the Boolean Simplifier in Haskell which is very easy if you are comfortable with the core constructs of Haskell. We are providing support code to handle all IO. You only have to use the API provided by the support code. All of the support code including test files for this project is located in the Rice SVN repository at the URL https://svn.rice.edu/r/comp311/course/HaskellProject/.
First you need to review the description of Homework 5 for to recall the high-level steps in the simplifier. Your Haskell code will use types very similar to the corresponding Java program, but they are slightly more detailed and their explication and usage is simpler than the corresponding Java class hierarchies.
All of the critical type definitions that you will use are defined in the support file Types.hs in the SVN repository. In Types.hs, the type SimpleExpr is either just a Boolean Constant, i.e, True or False or an identifier (a string). The type BoolExpr consists of more complex boolean expressions which are trees with leaves that are of type SimpleExpr with intermediate nodes (constructors) BAnd, BOr, BImplies, BNot and BIf. The first three are binary (two children), BNot is unary, and BIf is ternary as you would expect. You must wrap a SimpleExpr in the constructor BLeaf to make it a value of type BoolExpr. Recall that in Haskell every value has a unique basic type (akin to a Java class).
The type IfExpr, which is disjoint from BoolExpr (just as IfForm is disjoint from Form in the corresponding Java program) is either a SimpleExpr (wrapped in the constructor ILeaf) or an IIf which is an if-expression whose subexpressions are if expressions (akin to IfIf in the corresponding Java program). There is a third type NExpr corresponding to normalized if-expressions. The Java program does not introduce this third type, but it could have done so at the cost of introducing more class definitions. Haskell is so much lighter weight that the extra cost is negligible. Recall that a normalized if-expression can only have literals in the test position.
The simplifier itself consists of same parts as the coresponding Java program. A skeleton for the simplifier appears in Simplifier.hs. You only need to fill in the missing parts of this file. These are the main steps of the simplification:
Tests are defined in the file Tests.hs. Add some simple tests for eval and toBool. Add your tests to the unitTests definition as well. Consider adding extra tests for the other functions as you see fit. We are providing a parser String -> BoolExpr called parseBoolExpr defined in the file Parser.hs. There is also an unparser in the file UnParser.hs. We have setup some machinery in Main.hs so that you can use the parser to feed input to the simplifier directly. To run this, simply run the main action, either using ghci, or compile it with ghc and then run it. Ask Agnishom if you need help with this.
The assignment is self-contained in the sense that we do not require you to install any libraries beyond what is already available in the base package. So, it should be possible to run everything on https://repl.it/. Corky is going to do the assignment on his laptop using Haskell Platform. He will post messages on Piazza stating what tools he is using.
In the process of your development, you may, by mistake, include an infinite loop which builds a very large expression in memory. Haskell programs can be very fast and this could very quickly consume a lot of memory freezing your computer. This is sometimes a frustrating part of the development experience. If everything is done right, however, the simplifier should be able to simplify the expression in bigData1 in under a second.
Annotate all your top level definitions with types. Do not import any libraries. Ask the course staff if you need exemption from this policy. Do not rename or change the type of any function that has already been provided to you.
Inside the svn directory https://svn.rice.edu/r/comp311/turnin/F20/netid/, create a directory HaskellProject and put the modified files for Simplifier.hs and Tests.hs. For example, since Agnishom's netid is ac132, he would create https://svn.rice.edu/r/comp311/turnin/F20/ac132/HaskellProject/ and put his files there. You should not need to upload any other files, since these are the only two files you will need to modify. If you do need to include anything else; please ask course staff if you have any questions in this regard. Do not create any subfolders. Please use the exact path given here.
The final project is conducted under the same honor code as our programming assignments. You may ask the staff questions and/or post questions on Piazza about the conceptual issues in the projects but no sharing of code with other people (students and non-students) or copying of code from any source, notably reference books and the internet, is permitted. In general, we prefer that you ask questions on Piazza so that all students in the class can see the answer.