Find out packages contain the file you are looking for

Which installed package does that file belong to?

dpkg -S filename

apt-file tool can help to find out which packages contain a file.

sudo apt-get install apt-file
sudo apt-file update
sudo apt-file search filename

Some other useful package management options

To list all installed packages

dpkg --get-selections

To list the files in a package.

dpkg -L packageName

To list recently installed packages

ls -lt /var/lib/dpkg/info/*.list|less