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import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; class MyGUIApp extends JFrame { // Use fields for GUI components that need to be referenced outside of the GUI initialization process (initGUI) /** * Constructor for the GUI. */ public MyGUIApp() { // initialize fields here. Surrounding your code in a protective try-catch is recommended. setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); // Causes the application to end if the GUI frame is closed. initGUI(); // initialize the GUI components } /** * Actually start the GUI */ public void start() { // Do any last second initializations, if needed. setVisible(true); // Make the GUI visible } /** * Initialize the GUI components */ private void initGUI() { Container contentPane = getContentPane(); // all GUI components are added to the frame's ContentPane. // You can also just call the accessor each time as well and not use a local variable. // instantiate, initialize and connect all the GUI's components here. // Don't forget to add them to the container that holds them, e.g. the ContentPane. } /** * Main method that starts the app. * In general, this would not be in this class but rather in a separate "controller" class * with slightly different coding (as required for a true Model-View-Controller system). * We put it here for now, for simplicity's sake only. */ public static void main(String[] args) { // initialize and start the GUI on the GUI thread. SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { MyGUIApp view = new MyGUIApp(); // instantiate the GUI but don't show it yet. // Model classes would be instantiated here plus any other required objects. view.start(); // Start the application by making the GUI visible. } }); } } |
Some typical GUI initializations:
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JButton runBtn = new JButton("Run!"); runBtn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { /** * This method runs when the button is clicked. */ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) { // Do stuff here. Generally, delegate to a non-GUI object (the "model"). } }); contolPnlcontrolPnl.add(runBtn); |
A Label and a TextField with a listener on the control panel:
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JLabel infoLbl = new JLabel(); infoLbl.setText("Enter text here:"); controlPnl.add(infoLbl); final JTextField infoTF = new TextFieldJTextField("default text"); // don't need "final" below if this line was defining a field instead of a local variable. infoTF.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(75, 23)); // set default text field size to 75x23 pixels. infoTF.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { /** * This method runs when "Enter" is pressed after entering text into the text field. */ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) { String text = infoTF.getText(); // the text of the text field. // Do stuff here. Generally, delegate to a non-GUI object (the "model"). } }); controlPnl.add(infoTF); |
A text area with scroll bars in the center of the frame:
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JTextArea resultsTA = new JTextArea("initial text"
JScrollPane scrollPn = new JScrollPane();
contentPane.add(scrollPn, BorderLayout.CENTER); // No center panel needed. ScrollPane added directly to frame.
JTextArea displayTA = new JTextArea("initial text");
scrollPn.setViewportView(displayTA); // put the text area in the scroll pane
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SerialVersionUID compiler warning:
A very common compiler warning to receive is the following for your frame class and other customized GUI components:
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The serializable class XXX does not declare a static final serialVersionUID field of type long |
If you do, add the following field to the class:
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private static final long serialVersionUID = 42L; // Use a random, unique integer value here |
For more information, see this web page .