DOWNLOADING DATA

1. In a web browser, go to the University of Pittsburgh Comparative Archaeology Database at http://www.cadb.pitt.edu/.
2. Click Datasets by Goegraphic Region >>.
3. Scroll down to the CENTRAL AMERICA section.
4. Click on the dataset assigned to your project group: Rio Tonosi Valley, San Ramón de Alajuela, Masaya, OR Volcán Barú. (NOTE: The demonstration was performed using Upper Térraba.)
5. Scroll down to THE DATASET section.
6. Under the Spatial Information section, the coordinate system is listed. Record this information.
7. Under the Spatial Information section, click Collection lots:.
8. Click the DXF file link to download.
9. On the browser, click the back button to return to your main dataset webpage.
10. Under the Numeric Data section, click ?
11. Scroll to the bottom and click the XLS file link to download

PREPARING TABULAR DATA

Each table should meet the following criteria:

1. There should be a single header row with variable names and the data should begin in row 2.
2. The format of the lot ID needs to be the same in Excel as it is in GIS
3. If there are numeric data columns with lots of blanks in the first few rows, the blanks should be replaced with zeros, so that GIS recognizes the column as containing numeric data.
4. Any formulas must be copied as pasted as values.

PROCESSING GIS DATA

Importing CAD (.dxf or .dwg) data into a file geodatabase

1. If the Geoprocessing pane is not already open, click the Analysis tab on the ribbon. In the Geoprocessing group, click the Tools button.
2. In the Geoprocessing pane, search "cad" and click the CAD to Geodatabase tool.
3. For 'Input CAD Datasets', click the Browse... button and navigate to and select the .dxf file and click OK.
4. For 'Output Geodatabase', leave the default project geodatabase with your site name.
5. For 'Dataset', leave the default name, which should be a combination of the original CAD file name and the name of the tool "CADToGeodatabase".
6. For Spatial Reference, click the Select coordinate system button and navigate to the coordinate system indicated In the ANTH 355 Reference in Google Drive.
7. Click Run.

Splitting CAD layers

1. In the Geoprocessing pane, if necessary, hit the Back arrow to return to the tool search interface.
2. Search "split" and click the Split By Attributes tool.
3. For 'Input Table', use the drop-down menu to select the converted CAD layer you wish to split.
4. For 'Target Workspace', click the Browse... button and navigate to and single click your project geodatabase with your site name and click OK.
5. For 'Split Fields', select the Layer field.
6. Click Run.

PREPARING GIS DATA FOR TABULAR JOIN

Assigning lot IDs to lot polygons

1. Return to the Catalog pane and add the lot polygon layer, as indicated in the Google sheet to your map. Your annotation point layer should already have been added to your map.
2. Return to the Geoprocessing pane, search "join" and click the Spatial Join tool.
3. For 'Target Features', use the drop-down menu to select your lots polygon layer.
4. For 'Join Features', use the drop-down menu to select your Annotation (containing the lot IDs) point layer.
5. For 'Output Feature Class', rename the feature class "LotsWithIDs".
6. Leave the rest of the defaults and click Run.

Add new field

1. remove original lots, polygon, annotation

2. Figure out whether to do this in class or outside meetings or follow written instructions

3. TxtMemoClean

   TxtMemo.strip()

    

4. After join, show sort missing and reverse join to see which don't have it, or symbolize by join count (we don't have time for data cleaning)

5. Export with join

JOINING TABULAR DATA

1. Add formatted Excel spreadsheet
2. In the Contents pane, right-click the LotsWithIDs layer and select Joins and Relates > Add Join.
3. For 'Layer Name or Table View' keep Lots with id
4. For 'Input Join Field', scroll down to the very bottom and select TxtMemo
5. For 'Join Table', select outside Excel table
6. For 'Output Join Field', Select Lot, exact name is in Google spreadsheet.
7. In the Contents pane, right-click the LotsWithIDs layer and select Attribute Table. Scroll to the right and ensure that your variables are appearing okay.
8. (Can repeat the join process with multiple tables to create a single mega-table)

SYMBOLOGY

Sample Variables Used in Training

1. Variables: Total sherds
2. Total sherds for each time period, pick 2 that contrast well for demo
3. Decorated in one period, normalized by total in one period to symbolize percent decorated in that period

Basic Symbology with Graduated Colors

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the LotswithID layer name and select Symbology to open the Symbology pane on the right.
2. For 'Primary symbology', use the drop-down menu to select Graduated Colors (assuming you have numeric data).
3. For 'Field', use the drop-down menu to select your Field of interest (e.g. Total Sherds).

Normalized Graduated Colors

1. In the Symbology pane, for 'Normalization', select the population universe field, if a percentage is desired.
2. At the top of the Symbology pane, click the Advanced symbol options button (4th button with paintbrush).
3. Expand the Format labels section.
4. For 'Category', used the drop-down menu to select Percentage.
5. Change radio button to Number represents a fraction if you values are between 0 and 1.
6. For decimal places, pick something like 0 or 1.

Duplicating Layers for Different Symbology

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the LotsWithID layer name and selectCopy.
2. Scroll to the top of the Contents pane and right-click the name of the map (e.g. Map) and selectPaste. This can be repeated for as many fields (variables) as you'd like to symbolize within that particular layer's attribute table.

If you have more than a few variable layers, you will likely want to organize them by topic using group layers.

1. At the top of the Contents pane, right-click on Map and select New Group Layer.
2. Drag and drop the related layers on top of the group layer.

Additional Symbology Options with Graduated Colors

1. For 'Methods', preview Natural Breaks and Quantile at a minimum, referring to both the table and the histogram and think about the impacts on the appearance of the map.
2. After your examination, you will likely want to round the values to facilitate quick interpretation (unless exact statistical breaks, such as quantile are required for another reason.) (In the demo, we rounded to 5/10/25/100 for Total Sherds)
3. For 'Classes', we recommend reducing the number to 3 or 4, if possible, and no more than 5, unless you spend time customizing the colors to ensure the can be easily distinguished on the map.
4. Color ramps, format color scheme and triangle button to flip ramp, show adjusting individual colors in the ramp
5. In the Symbology pane, at the top-right of the Symbol table, click More and select format all symbols, properties tab, change outline color and/or width
6. For full zoom out, might want to completely remove borders
7. In Contents pane, copy lots with id layer and right-click Map at top of Contents pane and paste, do 3 copies for 4 total (Chirqui Decorated/Chiriqui sherds) (Total quebradas vs total chiriqui)
8. The symbology pane applies to whichever layer is selected in the Contents pane,

LAYOUTS

Full page appendix maps

Options for index maps and multiple frames

SPATIAL STATISTICS

1. Directional distribution
2. Kernal density
3. Optimized hot spot
4. Cluster outlier