TABLE OF CONTENTS

Obtaining the Tutorial Data

There are three ways of obtaining the tutorial data. The best option for getting the full GIS project experience is to follow Option 1 and learn how to download and prepare data from online GIS data portals independently. You will also gain exposure to the best GIS data websites for the Houston region.

If you have already completed the Introduction to Data Management tutorial, but did not save a copy of your files or if you would prefer to complete this tutorial first, then you may follow Options 2 or 3. Option 2 is best if you are completing this tutorial in one of our short courses or from the GIS/Data Center and Option 3 is best if you are completing the tutorial from your own computer.

Before beginning the tutorial, you will copy all of the required tutorial data onto your Desktop. Follow the applicable set of instructions below depending on the particular computer you are using.

OPTION 1: Obtaining tutorial data independently online

If you would like to download and prepare the data for this tutorial from scratch, follow the instructions below:

1. Complete the Introduction to GIS Data Management tutorial.

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Before beginning the tutorial, you will copy all of the required tutorial data onto your Desktop. There are two ways of obtaining the tutorial data. Option 1 is best if you are completing this tutorial in one of our short courses or from Fondren Library and Option 2 is best if you are completing the tutorial from your own computer.

OPTION 1: Accessing tutorial data from Fondren Library using the gistrain profile

If you are completing this tutorial from a public computer in Fondren Library and are logged on using the gistrain profile, follow the instructions below:

1. On the Desktop, click the File Explorer icon Image Added located on the Windows Taskbar at the bottom left corner of the screen.
2. In the 'File Explorer' window, click This PC on left side panel and then navigate to gisdata (\\file-rnas.rice.edu) (R:) > Short_Courses > HIST207 > HIST207_GDC5 
3. To create a personal copy of the tutorial data, drag the Geoprocessing folder onto the Desktop. 
4. Close all windows.

OPTION 2: Accessing tutorial data

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online using a personal computer

If you are completing this tutorial from a public computer in Fondren Library and are logged on using the gistrain profile, follow personal computer, you will need to download the tutorial data online by following the instructions below:

1. On the Desktop, double-click the Computer icon > gisdata (\\file-rnas.rice.edu) (R:) > Short_Courses > Introduction_to_GIS.
2. To create a personal copy of the tutorial data, drag the Intro folder onto the Desktop.
3. Close all windows.

OPTION 3: Accessing tutorial data online using a personal computer

If you are completing this tutorial from a personal computer, you will need to download the tutorial data online by following the instructions below:

1. Click Intro.zip above to download the tutorial data.
2. Open the Downloads folder.
3. Right-click Intro.zip and select Extract All....
4. In the 'Extract Compressed (Zipped) Folders' window, accept the default location into the Downloads folder.
5. Uncheck Show extracted files when complete.
6. Click Extract.
7. Directly within the Downloads folder, drag the Intro folder onto your Desktop.

Getting Started with ArcGIS Pro

Managing Projects

Opening an Existing Project

1. On the Desktop, double-click your Intro folder to open it.
2. Double-click the Intro.aprx file to open the existing project in ArcGIS Pro.

Creating a New Map

A map is a project item used to display and work with geographic data in two dimensions. The first step to visualizing any data is creating a new map.

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You will notice that a new map view opens in the main section of ArcGIS Pro.

The panel on the left side of ArcGIS Pro is called the Contents pane. After creating a new map, the Contents pane now displays the default Map title and automatically adds the Topographic basemap layer to the map.

The panel on the right side of ArcGIS Pro is called the Catalog pane. After creating the first map, a new Maps section has been added to the top of the Project tab within the Catalog pane.

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Notice that there is a single map there, named "Map". Since most projects will have multiple maps, it is a good idea to name your maps with more descriptive titles.

1. In the Catalog pane, under the Maps section, right-click Map and select Rename.
2. Type "Super Neighborhoods" and hit Enter.

Saving a Project

Any time you create a new project item, such as a map or a layout, or any time you spend time adjusting the symbology of your map layers, it is a good idea to save your project.

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Managing Maps

Browsing Existing Data

As a reminder, in the Intro to GIS Data Management tutorial, we imported the feature classes of interest into our project geodatabase.

1. In the Catalog pane, click the arrow to expand the Databases section.
2. Click the arrow to expand the Intro.gdb geodatabase.

Adding Data to a Map

1. Right-click the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood feature class and select Add To Current Map.
2. An alternative method of adding data to a map is to click and hold the Major_Roads feature class and drag and drop it into the Super Neighborhoods map view.

Symbolizing Layers with a Single Symbol

It is early in the project to be deciding upon symbology, however, when layers are added to a map, ArcGIS Pro assigns then a random color symbol. Sometimes the colors are very faint and difficult to see on top of the basemap or the colors of multiple layers are very similar to each other and difficult to distinguish. To ensure that everyone can easily see the layers we are working with, we will adjust the basic symbology.

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Notice that the 'Primary symbology' defaults to Single Symbol. With this type of symbology, all features in that particular layer will be assigned the same symbol.

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The freeways on the map should now all be black and easily visible on top of the basemap. The Format Symbol mode of the Symbology tab can be accessed directly via the layer symbol (instead of the layer name) in the Contents pane.

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The super neighborhood polygons are now easy to distinguish from both the basemap and the freeways. In addition, the borders of the super neighborhoods are clear and easy to differentiate from the freeways.

Navigating the Project

Navigating the Contents Pane

At the top of the Contents pane, there is a series of seven buttons. By default, the leftmost button is selected: List by Drawing Order.

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When this button is selected, the order in which the layers are listed corresponds to the order in which the layers are visually stacked in the Map view. To test how the drawing order works, you will reorder the layers.

1. In the Contents pane, click and hold the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood layer name and drag and drop it above the Major_Roads layer.

You will notice that, in the Map view, the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood layer is now drawn in on top of the Major_Roads layer, meaning that freeways are only visible in areas not covered by a super neighborhood. It is possible to add transparency to the super neighborhood layer or to symbolize it with a bold outline and a hollow fill, but, in general, it is best to have polygon layers at the bottom of the drawing order, so we will return the layers to their previous order.

1. In the Contents pane, click and hold the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood layer name and drag and drop it beneath the Major_Roads layer, but above the Topographic basemap.

The check boxes to the left of each layer name toggle the visibility of each layer.

1. Uncheck the Major_Roads layer to turn off its visibility in the map view.
2. Check the Major_Roads layer to turn its visibility back on in the map view.

Navigating the Map View

You will now learn how to navigate the Map view by panning, zooming, and using spatial bookmarks.

1. On the ribbon, click the Map tab.
2. in the Navigate group, ensure that the Explore button is selected by default.

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To pan the map:

1. Within the map view, click and hold the left mouse button and drag the mouse and release.

To manually zoom:

1. Hover your cursor over the area you wish to zoom in to and push the center scroll wheel away from you for incremental zooming. Pull the center scroll wheel towards you to zoom out.

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1. Hover your cursor over the area you wish to zoom in to, hold down the right mouse button, and drag the mouse down for smooth zooming. Drag the mouse up to zoom out.

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1. Hold down Shift such that your cursor changes to a magnifying glass and then click and hold and drag a box around the targeted area of interest to zoom directly to a specific extent.

To zoom to the extent of a particular layer:

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood layer name and select Zoom To Layer.

A spatial bookmark allows you to quickly return to a particular zoom extent in your Map view.

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Exploring Data in the Map View

Selecting Features Manually

Selecting Features Manually from the Map View

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The selected neighborhood will be outlined in cyan.

1. Drag a box to select multiple adjacent neighborhoods.
2. Hold down Shift and click any non-selected neighborhood to add additional non-adjacent neighborhoods to the selection.
3. Hold down Ctrl and click any selected neighborhood to deselect neighborhoods.

When you are finished using a selection, it is important to clear the selected features, because the majority of tools in ArcGIS Pro only run on selected features. Therefore, if you run a tool anticipating that you will be processing all features in a particular layer and you inadvertently left some features selected from a previous process, only those selected features will be processed, which will lead to unexpected results.

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Notice that the Clear button becomes grayed out once all features are cleared. On the Map tab, notice that the Select button is still activated, which means that if you now attempted to pan the map by clicking and dragging your left mouse button across the map, you would, instead, select numerous features on your map inadvertently. To prevent this, it is a good idea to reactivate the Explore button as soon as you are finished using manual selection.

1. On the Map tab, in the Navigate group, click the Explore button.

Selecting Features Manually from the Table View

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood layer name and select Attribute Table.

A table view now appears docked beneath your map view. Each row, or record, in your table corresponds to exactly one super neighborhood polygon on the map. Each column, or field, in your table represents a variable describing the super neighborhoods.

Every geodatabase feature class has two to four default fields, which cannot be edited or deleted. The leftmost OBJECTID field is a unique ID that is automatically numbered from 1 to the total number of features at the time of creation. In this particular case, the field is called OBJECTID_1, because there was a preexisting OBJECTID field at the time this data was imported to geodatabase format by the City of Houston. The Shape field indicates whether the feature geometry contains points, lines, or polygons.

1. In the table view, use the scroll bar at the bottom to scroll to the far right of the table.

The other two default fields are the last Shape_Length and Shape_Area fields which contain the perimeter and area of the super neighborhoods, respectively. A line feature class will only contain the Shape_Length field and a point feature class will not contain either field. The units of these fields correspond to the units of the projection in which the data coordinates are stored.

1. In the Contents pane on the left, double-click the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood layer name.
2. In the 'Layer Properties' window, in the left column, click the third Source tab.
3. At the bottom of the window, click to expand the Spatial Reference section.
4. Use the scroll bar on the right to scroll to the bottom of the metadata.

Within the Spatial Reference section, notice that the geographic coordinate system is WGS 1984 and that no projected coordinate system is listed. Therefore, the layer is unprojected, meaning the data coordinates are located on the three-dimensional surface of the globe and you can see the Angular Unit is listed as Degrees (or decimal degrees.) Therefore, the Shape_Length field is displaying decimal degrees and the Shape_Area field is displaying square decimal degrees, which is why the numbers are so low. Before measuring distance or area, the data layer should be projected onto a two-dimensional surface. The resulting projection will have a Linear Unit, such as feet or meters. The process of projecting is further covered in the Introduction to Coordinate Systems and Projections course.

As indicated by the layer name, the majority of the remaining fields contain 2010 census data that was aggregated to the super neighborhood level by the City of Houston, since that is not a geographic unit at which the Census Bureau provides data.

1. Double-click the 'Name' field header to sort the neighborhoods alphabetically.
2. To select a neighborhood from the table, click the gray square to the far left of each row.
3. To select an adjacent section of records, hold down Shift and select a record below or above the currently selected record to automatically select all records in between.
4. To add or remove individual records from the selection, hold down Ctrl and select another record.

Notice in the bottom left corner of the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood attribute table, it indicates the number out of 88 table records (and corresponding map features) that are currently selected.

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The two buttons to the left allow you to toggle between 'Show all records' and 'Show selected records'.

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Note that if 'Show selected records' is active and no records are currently selected, the table view will appear empty. Toggle back to 'Show all records' to view the table.

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Symbolizing Layers By Attributes

Symbolizing Layers By Quantity

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood layer name and select Symbology.
2. Use the primary 'Symbology' drop-down menu to select Graduated Colors.
3. Use the 'Field' drop-down menu to scroll down sixth from the bottom and select the SUM_Vacant field. This field stores the number of vacant housing units within each neighborhood.

The map view now displays a choropleth map, where the darker colors represent higher numbers of vacant housing units. In studying the map, it appears as if the most vacant housing is in southwest Houston outside the Loop. While this is true according to raw counts per neighborhood, there could be differences in the neighborhoods that are unaccounted for in this symbology. Now you will try normalizing by the area of the neighborhood.

1. Use the 'Normalization' drop-down menu to scroll to the bottom and select the last Shape_Area field.

As discussed in the Introduction to GIS Data Management course, the projection of the census layer is WGS 1984. Therefore, the layer is unprojected and the coordinates are stored in angular units of decimal degrees. Therefore, the Shape_area field is displaying square decimal degrees and the map is displaying number of vacant housing units per square decimal degree. This is a somewhat incomprehesible unit, however, the values are still proportional to how they would be in a different unit and the relative coloring on the map remains correct. If you wanted to make a map that displays vacant housing units per square mile, then you would add a new field to the attribute table and use the calculate 

projecting is further covered in the Introduction to Coordinate Systems and Projections course.

Notice that according to the density of vacant housing units, the greatest amount of vacant housing units appear to be both inside and outside the loop along 59.

1. Use the 'Normalization' drop-down menu to select the SUM_HU100 field.

The map is now displaying the number of vacant housing units divided by the total number of housing units, or the percent vacant housing units. While all three methods of symbolizing the vacant housing units are techically corect This is probably the most common

1. On the lower half of the Symbology pane, click the Histogram tab.

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Discuss and test classification methods.

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1. Use the 'Method" drop-down menu to select Equal Interval.
2. Use the 'Method" drop-down menu to select Quantile.

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Discuss and test number of classes.

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1. Use the 'Classes' drop-down menu to select 20.
2. Use the 'Classes' drop-down menu to select 4.

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Discuss and test color schemes.

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Adding Layer Transparency

1. Ensure that the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood layer is selected.
2. In the ribbon, click the Feature Layer contextual Appearance tab.
3. In the Effects group, slide the Layer Transparency slider or type "50" and hit Enter.

Symbolizing Layers By Category

1. Use the primary 'Symbology' drop-down menu to select Unique Values.
2. Use the 'Field 1' drop-down menu to select Name.
3. In the Contents pane, collapse the Census_2010_By_Superneighborhood symbology.

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zoom into neighborhood, go to explore button, click on neighborhood to find out neighborhood name.

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Selecting Features Programatically

Selecting Features By Attributes

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Exporting Selected Features

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the Census_2010_By_SuperNeighborhood layer name and select Data > Export Features.
2. In the Geoprocessing pane, click the 'Output Feature Class' field to edit the name. Replace Census_2010_By_SuperNeighbor with "MyNeighborhood". Ensure that you leave everything in the file path through Intro.gdb\.

Selecting Features By Location

Now we will create a map of the bus stops and bus routes within your neighborhood. We could continue to do our mapping within the existing map, but, since we are now focusing on different thematic layers in a different geographic extent, this could be a good time to create a second map within our project.

1. On the ribbon, click the Insert tab.
2. In the Project group, click the New Map button.
3. At the bottom of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Catalog pane tab. 
4. Rename My Neighborhood and add MyNeighborhoods, BusStops and BusRoutes.

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1. Click Geoprocessing.zip above to download the tutorial data.
2. Open the Downloads folder.
3. Right-click Geoprocessing.zip and select Extract All....
4. In the 'Extract Compressed (Zipped) Folders' window, accept the default location into the Downloads folder and click Extract.
5. Drag the unzipped Geoprocessing folder onto your Desktop.
6. Close all windows.

Geoprocessing in ArcGIS Pro

Opening an Existing Project

1. On the Desktop, double-click the Geoprocessing folder.
2. Double-click the Geoprocessing.aprx ArcGIS Project File (blue icon) to open the project in ArcGIS Pro.
   
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3. Maximize the ArcGIS Pro application window.

Running Geoprocessing Tools

Geoprocessing tools are used to update and analyze data based on particular criteria. The majority of geoprocessing tools generate a new feature class that differs from the input feature class(es) either in feature geometry or tabular attributes or both. In this tutorial you will use geoprocessing tools to generate information that could be used for a collaboration between the Houston Police Department (HPD) and the Houston Independent School District (HISD).

Merge

The first set of data you will be working with contains the HPD beat boundaries. A beat is the territory and time that a police officer patrols. Though it has been modified for the purposes of this tutorial, the original data was obtained from the City of Houston GIS Database webpage, which is no longer available, but the original data can still be obtained from the GIS/Data Center data collection.

1. In the Catalog pane on the right, expand the Databases folder.
2. Expand the Geoprocessing.gdb geodatabase.
3. Right-click the HPDBeats_North feature class and select Add To New Map.
4. Right-click the HPDBeats_South feature class and select Add To Current Map.

Notice that the police beats in the City of Houston have been divided into two separate feature classes covering the northern and southern portions of the city respectively. You will now examine their attribute tables.

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the HPDBeats_North layer name and select Attribute Table.

Notice that you are provided with both the beat number and the district number for each police beat, and there are 55 beats in the north layer.

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the HPDBeats_South layer name and select Attribute Table.

Notice that the south layer contains 62 beats with the same data fields.

1. Close the NPDBeats_North and NPDBeats_South table views.

At this point, you wish to combine the north and south police beats into a single layer. You will do so using a geoprocessing tool.

1. On the ribbon, click the Analysis tab.
2. On the Analysis tab, within the first Geoprocessing group, click the Tools button.
   
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Notice that the Geoprocessing pane has opened on the right as a new tab on top of the Catalog pane. Typically, you would use the 'Find Tools' search box at the top of the Geoprocessing pane to search for the name of the tool you'd like to use, but, at times, especially when learning the software, it can be helpful to view the full hierarchy of all the tools available, because you will often discover related and helpful tools that you didn't know existed and wouldn't know to search for. You might also completely forget the name of a tool, but be able to locate it based on the hierarchy. For these reasons, we will be manually navigating the toolboxes throughout this tutorial. The more typical workflow of searching directly for a specific tool will be covered briefly at the end of the tutorial.

1. At the top of the Geoproccessing pane, click the Toolboxes tab.
2. Click the Data Management Tools toolbox > General toolset > Merge tool.
3. In the upper right corner of the ‘Merge’ tool, hover over the Help button.
   
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Read the pop-up Merge tool help and review the sample illustration. Notice that this tool merges two like datasets covering different geographic extents together into a single dataset. Clicking on, rather than hovering over, the help button will open the full tool documentation in your default web browser.

1. For ‘Input Datasets’, use the drop-down menu to select the HPDBeats_South layer.

After selecting the HPDBeats_South layer, another drop-down menu appears.

1. Use the second 'Input Datasets' drop-down menu to select the HPDBeats_North layer.

Notice that the when you hover over the 'Output Dataset' field, the file path location defaults to your project geodatabase (C:\Users\gistrain\Desktop\Geoprocessing\Geoprocessing.gdb\HPDBeats_South_Merge).

1. For ‘Output Dataset’, rename the feature class from HPDBeats_South_Merge or HPDBeats_North_Merge to “HPDBeats".
2.  Ensure that your Merge tool Parameters tab appears as shown below and click Run.
   
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When the tool is finished running, you will see a message at the bottom of the Geoprocessing pane with the name of the tool. A green checkmark indicates that the tool ran successfully.

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the HPDBeats layer name and select Attribute Table.

Scroll down the attribute table and notice that the attributes for both the north and south beats feature classes were preserved and combined into a single table with 117 beats. Since you now have all the beats contained in a single layer, you no longer need the separate layers for the north and south beats.

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the HPDBeats_North layer name and select Remove.
2. In the Contents pane, right-click the HPDBeats_South layer name and select Remove.
3. Above the ribbon, on the Quick Access toolbar, click the Save button.
   
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Dissolve

Imagine that HPD would like to manage this collaboration based on police district boundaries instead of police beat boundaries. At this point, your HPD layer only displays the police beat boundaries, but its attribute table does tell you the district number corresponding to each beat.

1. Scroll down the HPDBeats table view while observing the values in the District field.

Notice that each district contains many beats. You will now dissolve the police beats based on this District field so that all individual beat boundaries within a single district will be dissolved into a single unified district boundary.

1. Close the HPDBeats table view.
2. At the top of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Back arrow button.
3. Within the already expanded Data Management Tools toolbox, click the Generalization toolset > Dissolve tool.
4. In the upper right corner of the ‘Dissolve’ tool, hover over the Help button.

Read the pop-up Dissolve tool help and review the sample illustration. Notice that this tool dissolves boundaries based on common field values. In this case, you will dissolve the police beat boundaries based on common district values, resulting in a file showing only the larger district boundaries.

1. For ‘Input Features’, use the drop-down menu to select the HPDBeats layer.
2. For ‘Output Feature Class’, rename the feature class from HPDBeats_Dissolve to “HPDDistricts”.
3. For ‘Dissolve_Field(s)’, use the drop-down menu to select the District field, since this is the field containing the common district values you wish to dissolve on.
4. Ensure that your Dissolve tool Parameters tab appears as shown below, and click Run.
   
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5. In the Contents pane, uncheck and recheck the new HPDDistricts layer to toggle it on and off the map and understand the result of the Dissolve tool.
6. In the Contents pane, right-click the HPDDistricts layer name and select Attribute Table.

Notice that only the dissolve field, in this case the District field, was preserved. Because multiple beats were dissolved into each district, it is not possible to retain all of the attributes of each separate beat.

1. Close the HPDDistricts table view.

Since you only need to use the police districts, you may now remove the police beats layer.

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the HPDBeats layer name and select Remove.
2. Above the ribbon, on the Quick Access toolbar, click the Save button.

Clip

Now you will examine the school district boundaries. Though it has been modified for the purposes of this tutorial, the original data was also obtained online from the City of Houston GIS Database webpage, but can now be obtained from the GIS/Data Center data collection.

1. At the bottom of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Catalog tab.
2. Within the Geoprocessing geodatabase, right-click the HISD feature class and select Add To Current Map.

Notice that this feature class displays the boundary of the Houston Independent School District, which can be considered the study area boundary for this project. All of the other data layers you bring into your map document can be clipped to the study area boundary to reduce the size of the files you are working with, which will eliminate visual clutter and allow various processes to run more quickly. First, you will clip the police districts to the study area boundary.

1. At the bottom of the Catalog pane, click the Geoprocessing tab.
2. At the top of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Back arrow button.
3. Click the Data Management Tools toolbox to collapse it.
4. Click the Analysis Tools toolbox > Extract toolset > Clip tool.
5. In the upper right corner of the ‘Clip’ tool, hover over the Help button.

Read the pop-up Clip tool help and review the sample illustration. Notice that this tool clips one dataset to the extent, or shape, of another dataset.

1. For ‘Input Features’, use the drop-down menu to select the HPDDistricts layer.
2. For ‘Clip Features’, use the drop-down menu to select the HISD layer.
3. For ‘Output Feature Class’, rename the feature class from HPDDistricts_Clip to “HPDDistricts_HISD” and click Run.
4. In the Contents pane, uncheck the HPDDistricts layer.

Notice that the resulting HPDDistricts_HISD layer maintains the police district boundaries, but limits the extent of the districts to the extent of the HISD boundary. You no longer need the full extent police districts layer and may remove it.

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the HPDDistricts layer name and select Remove.

You will now work with a dataset containing the locations of all violent crimes (including murder, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery) occurring in 2010, as reported by HPD. Though the data has been pre-processed for this tutorial, the original data tables can be obtained online from the Houston Police Department Crime Statistics webpage at https://www.houstontx.gov/police/cs/crime-stats-archives.htm.

1. At the bottom of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Catalog tab.
2. In the Catalog pane, right-click the HPDCrime2010 feature class and select Add To Current Map.

The crime layer may take a while to load and appear in the map view. You will now clip the crime layer to the study area boundary to reduce the size of the dataset.

1. At the bottom of the Catalog pane, click the Geoprocessing tab.

Notice that the Geoprocessing pane always displays the parameters of the last tool that you ran. Since you want to run the clip tool a second time and will be clipping to the same HISD extent as in the previous run, it is quicker to modify the existing parameters than to click the back arrow and launch the clip tool again from scratch.

1. For ‘Input Features’, use the drop-down menu to select the HPDCrime2010 layer.
2. For ‘Clip Features’, leave the default HISD layer selected from the previous run.
3. For ‘Output Feature Class’, rename the feature class from HPDDistricts_HISD to “HPDCrime2010_HISD” and click Run.

Even though the clip process itself will only take a few seconds, it may again take a couple minutes for the new layer to display on the map view.

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the HISDCrime2010_HISD layer name and select Attribute Table.

Notice that you are provided with the date and hour of the crime, the type of offense, the premise code, the number of offenses, and the approximate address. Since crimes are actually only reported by the block address range, not the exact street address, this address represents the midpoint of the block on which the crime was reported.

1. Close the HISDCrime2010_HISD table view.
2. In the Contents pane, right-click the original HPDCrime2010 layer name and select Remove.
3. In the Contents pane, right-click the HISD layer name and select Zoom To Layer.
4. In the Contents pane, uncheck the HPDCrime2010_HISD and HISD layers, so that only the HPDDistricts_HISD layer is visible.
5. Above the ribbon, on the Quick Access toolbar, click the Save button.

Buffer

The final dataset you will work with contains the locations of all the elementary schools in HISD. Though it has been modified for the purposes of this tutorial, the original data can be obtained online from the Texas Education Agency School District Locator Data Download webpage at http://schoolsdata2-tea-texas.opendata.arcgis.com/

1. At the bottom of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Catalog tab.
2. In the Catalog pane, within the Geoprocessing geodatabase, right-click the HISDElemSchools feature class and select Add To Current Map.
3. In the Contents pane, right-click the HISDElemSchools layer name and select Attribute Table.

Notice that you are provided with the elementary school name, address, and grade range.

1. Close the HISDElemSchools table view.

Now you will create a one-half mile buffer around each school, so that you will later be able to count the number of violent crimes occurring in 2010 within each buffer.

1. At the bottom of the Catalog pane, click the Geoprocessing tab.
2. At the top of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Back arrow button.
3. Within the already expanded Analysis Tools toolbox, click the Proximity toolset > Buffer tool.
4. For ‘Input Features’, use the drop-down menu to select the HISDElemSchools layer.
5. For ‘Output Feature Class’, rename the feature class from HISDElemSchols_Buffer to “HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer”.
6. For ‘Distance [value or field]’, type “0.5” and use the unit drop-down menu to select Miles.
7. Click Run.
8. In the Contents pane, right-click the HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer layer name and select Attribute Table.

Notice that all three fields contained in the original schools point layer (school name, address, and grade range) have been preserved. In addition, a new field has been added stating the radius of the buffer in feet.

1. Close the HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer table view.
2. In the Contents pane, uncheck the HISDElemSchools layer and check the HPDCrime2010_HISD layer.
3. Above the ribbon, on the Quick Access toolbar, click the Save button.

Spatial Join (Points to Polygons)

At this point, you can see all of the violent crime locations, along with the half-mile school buffers, but much of the map is so densely covered with overlapping points that it becomes difficult to tell exactly how many points there are and to see the underlying school buffers. In addition, while you can see the spatial distribution of the points, you are not provided with any sort of useful summary of the data. Performing a spatial join will allow you to discover exactly how many violent crimes occurred within a half mile of each school in 2010.

The goal of performing this spatial join is to add a numeric field to the school buffer attribute table that tells you how many crime points are contained within each school buffer.

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer layer and select Joins and Relates > Spatial Join.

The Spatial Join tool will open within the Geoprocessing pane. For 'Target Features', the HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer is already selected, since that is the layer from which you launched the tool.

1. For ‘Join Features’, use the drop-down menu to select the HPDCrime2010_HISD layer.
2. For ‘Output Feature Class,’ rename the feature class from HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuff to “HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer_WithCrimeStats".

The 'Field Map of Join Features' describes how the features will be summarized as they are joined. The first half of the list of fields displays the attributes of the school buffer layer, ending with the Shape_Area field. The second half of the list of fields, beginning with the Date field, displays the attributes of the crime layer. A count field indicating how many crime points intersect with each half-mile buffer will automatically be provided. Since many crimes will be appended to each school buffer, it does not make sense to generate summary statistics about the crime fields, because variables like offense type, premise code, and address cannot be averaged. By default, the table would output only the attributes of the first crime encountered within each buffer, which could be very misleading. Therefore, you will remove all the crime attributes from the output fields.

1. Within 'Output Fields', click the Date field.
2. Hold down Shift and click the last Address field, so that all of the crime fields are selected, as shown below.
   
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3. Right-click the selected Address field and select Remove.
4. Ensure that your Spatial Join tool Parameters tab appears as shown below and click Run.
   
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5. In the Contents pane, right-click the new HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer_WithCrimeStats layer name and select Attribute Table.

Notice the newly added Join_Count field. This field tells you how many crime points are contained within each school buffer. Notice also that only the fields from the schools attribute table have been included in the result, because we removed all the crime fields from the output.

1. Close the HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer_WithCrimeStats table view.

Since the newly joined schools buffer layer contains all of the same information as the original schools buffer layer, plus the new Join_Count field, you no longer need the original buffer layer. Since your crime data has now been summarized, you no longer need the original crime points either.

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer layer name and select Remove.
2. In the Contents pane, right-click the HPDCrime2010_HISD layer name and select Remove.
3. Right-click the HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer_WithCrimeStats layer name and select Symbology.

The Symbology pane has opened on the right as a new tab on top of the Geoprocessing pane.

1. For ‘Symbology', use the drop-down menu to select Graduated Colors.
2. For ‘Field’, use the drop-down menu to select the Join_Count field.
3. Under the 'Upper value' column, click the first upper value and type “25” and press Enter.
4. Click the second upper value and type “50” and press Enter.
5. Click the third upper value and type “100” and press Enter.
6. Click the fourth upper value and type “150” and press Enter.

Leave the fifth upper value as is, since this is the true upper value for the dataset. You can now easily tell which schools have the largest number of violent crimes occurring within a half mile radius.

1. Above the ribbon, on the Quick Access toolbar, click the Save button.

Spatial Join (Polygons to Points)

You now have an attribute table that tells you the number of violent crimes that occurred within one year within a half mile of each school, but you would also like to have a table that tells you in which police district each elementary school lies. To create this table, you will perform another spatial join to add the attributes of the police beat to the back of each school that lies inside it.

1. In the Contents pane, uncheck the HISDElemSchools_HalfMileBuffer_WithCrimeStats layer and check the HISDElemSchools layer.

At this point, only the elementary school point locations and the police district boundaries should be visible.

1. In the Contents pane, right-click the HISDElemSchools layer name and select Attribute Table.

Remember that, at this point, the attribute table only contains the school name, address, and grade range.

1. Close the HISDElemSchools table view.
2. In the Contents pane, right-click the HISDElemSchools layer name and select Joins and Relates > Spatial Join.
3. For ‘Join Features’, use the drop-down box to select the HPDDistricts_HISD layer.
4. For ‘Output Feature Class,’ rename the feature class from HISDElemSchools_SpatialJoin to “HISDElemSchools_WithHPDDistricts".
5. Click Run.

Since each school is entirely within a single district and no data is being summarized, it is okay to leave all of the output fields. The new layer should appear at the top of your Contents pane. 

1. Right-click the new HISDElemSchools_WithHPDDistricts layer name and select Attribute Table.

Notice the newly added District field that tells you which police district each school falls within. Scroll down the table view and notice that five schools do not have a district assigned to them. That is because those schools fall within HISD, but do not fall within the City of Houston police jurisdiction.

1. Close the HISDElemSchools_WithHPDDistricts table view.

Searching for Tools

In this tutorial, you navigated to various geoprocessing tools directly through the Toolbox; however, it is likely that when you go to work on your own, you may not remember exactly where all those tools are located. As long as you can remember the name of the tool or what it does, you can find it using the search function.

1. At the top of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Back arrow button.
2. At the top of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Favorites tab.

This tab shows five commonly used tools, along with all the tools you have run recently and any tools you have marked as a favorite by right-clicking on the tool name and selecting Add To Favorites.

1. In the 'Find Tools' search box, type “clip” and press Enter.
2. Click Clip (Analysis Tools) to open the tool parameters.

Reviewing Tool History

1. At the bottom of the Geoprocessing pane, click the Catalog tab.
2. At the top of the Catalog tab, click the History tab.

Within the history tab, you will see a complete list of all of the tools you have run in order. Double-clicking on any tool in the history will reopen the tool with the exact settings used in that run. Using the History tab is a great way to review previous work for documentation purposes or to rerun a set of tools or slightly modify tool parameters with minimal thought

Presenting and Sharing Maps

Creating a Layout

Once you are finished with your analysis, you may want to create a map that is suitable for adding to a report, presentation, or sharing with others who don't have access to ArcGIS software.

1. On the ribbon, click the Insert tab.
2. Click the New Layout button.
3. If you wanted to create a custom image size for insertion into a report or presentation, you could select Custom pages size... at the bottom of the options, but for a full page layout, select Letter 8.5" x 11" at the top left of the options.

More tips for creating a layout are covered in the Map Layouts for Publication short course.

Exporting a Layout

1. On the ribbon, click the Share tab.
2. Click the Export Layout button.
3. On the left, click the Desktop folder.
4. Double-click the Intro folder.

Discuss export file types and resolutions.

1. For 'Resolution (DPI)', type "300".
2. Click Export.

To continue learning intermediate topics, refer to the courses in the other ArcGIS Pro Series.